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Language convergence is a type of linguistic change in which languages come to resemble one another structurally as a result of prolonged language contact and mutual interference, regardless of whether those languages belong to the same language family, i.e. stem from a common genealogical proto-language. [1]
Transculturation is a term coined by Cuban anthropologist Fernando Ortiz in 1940 [1] to describe the phenomenon of merging and converging cultures. Transculturation encompasses more than transition from one culture to another; it does not consist merely of acquiring another culture (acculturation) or of losing or uprooting a previous culture (deculturation).
In his book Convergence Culture, Jenkins uses the example of the Survivor fan culture to reveal this phenomenon at play. Here, fans on Reddit, described as a "knowledge community", work like a hive mind and come together online to put multiple pieces of relatively small bits of information together, thus being able to puzzle together spoilers.
A sprachbund (/ ˈ s p r ɑː k b ʊ n d /, from German: Sprachbund [ˈʃpʁaːxbʊnt] ⓘ, lit. 'language federation'), also known as a linguistic area, area of linguistic convergence, or diffusion area, is a group of languages that share areal features resulting from geographical proximity and language contact.
Cultural homogenization is an aspect of cultural globalization, [1] [2] listed as one of its main characteristics, [3] and refers to the reduction in cultural diversity [4] through the popularization and diffusion of a wide array of cultural symbols—not only physical objects but customs, ideas and values. [3]
In cultural anthropology and cultural geography, cultural diffusion, as conceptualized by Leo Frobenius in his 1897/98 publication Der westafrikanische Kulturkreis, is the spread of cultural items—such as ideas, styles, religions, technologies, languages—between individuals, whether within a single culture or from one culture to another.
In sociology, an ethnic enclave is a geographic area with high ethnic concentration, characteristic cultural identity, and economic activity. [2] The term is usually used to refer to either a residential area or a workspace with a high concentration of ethnic firms. [3]
The Kurgan culture was so broadly defined that almost any culture with burial mounds, or even (like the Baden culture) without them could be included. [ 34 ] He does not include the Maykop culture among those that he considers to be Indo-European-speaking and presumes instead that they spoke a Caucasian language .