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Although occasionally praised by the Russian working class, the reform was unpopular amongst the educated people, religious leaders and many prominent writers, many of whom were oppositional to the new state. [3] Furthermore, even the workers ridiculed the spelling reform at first, arguing it made the Russian language poorer and less elegant. [4]
The Rules of Russian Orthography and Punctuation (Russian: Правила русской орфографии и пунктуации, tr.: Pravila russkoj orfografii i punktuacii) of 1956 is the current reference to regulate the modern Russian language. [1]
This is a result of the fact that five of the eight Russian consonants for which spelling rules of one sort or another apply can only be either "hard" or "soft" and cannot be both. Only with the three velar consonants , which like most Russian consonants have both a hard and a soft form, does the spelling rule actually reflect phonetically ...
The IPA is used by lexicographers, foreign language students and teachers, linguists, speech–language pathologists, singers, actors, constructed language creators, and translators. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The IPA is designed to represent those qualities of speech that are part of lexical (and, to a limited extent, prosodic ) sounds in oral language ...
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Russian on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Russian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
In Russian, written confusion between the yat and е appears in the earliest records; when exactly the distinction finally disappeared in speech is a topic of debate. Some scholars, for example W. K. Matthews, have placed the merger of the two sounds at the earliest historical phases (the 11th century or earlier), attributing its use until 1918 ...
Although Russian word stress is often unpredictable and can fall on different syllables in different forms of the same word, the diacritic accent is used only in dictionaries, children's books, resources for foreign-language learners, the defining entry (in bold) in articles on Russian Wikipedia, or on minimal pairs distinguished only by stress ...
In addition to machine translation, there is also an accessible and complete English-Russian and Russian-English dictionary. [6] There is an app for devices based on the iOS software, [7] Windows Phone and Android. You can listen to the pronunciation of the translation and the original text using a text to speech converter built in.