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The Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR, AMR-NB or GSM-AMR) audio codec is an audio compression format optimized for speech coding.AMR is a multi-rate narrowband speech codec that encodes narrowband (200–3400 Hz) signals at variable bit rates ranging from 4.75 to 12.2 kbit/s with toll quality [3] speech starting at 7.4 kbit/s.
For encoding and decoding AMR-WB, an open-source library named OpenCORE exists. The OpenCORE codec can be used in ffmpeg. For encoding, another open-source library exists as well, provided by VisualOn. It is included in the Android mobile operating system.
2022-04-11 1.03 (2023-05-09) Free ? liblc3, Android 13, BlueZ Speech Yes Yes No ? No LDAC: Sony Corp. 2015-04 ? Non-free Sony Walkman, Sony Products, mobile phones libldacdec, Android 8 (encoding only), BlueZ (encoding only) Bluetooth audio Yes No No Yes No LHDC: Savitech 2017 5.0.6 (2022-08-03) Non-free Mobile phones, Bluetooth headphones ...
Free and open-source software portal; libavcodec is a free and open-source [4] library of codecs for encoding and decoding video and audio data. [5]libavcodec is an integral part of many open-source multimedia applications and frameworks.
Speech coding is an application of data compression to digital audio signals containing speech.Speech coding uses speech-specific parameter estimation using audio signal processing techniques to model the speech signal, combined with generic data compression algorithms to represent the resulting modeled parameters in a compact bitstream.
2G, or second-generation cellular network technology, marks the transition from analog to digital communication in mobile networks. Defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) under the GSM standard, which became the first globally adopted framework for mobile communications, 2G was first commercially launched in 1991 by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Oyj) in Finland. [1]
As of 2020, there has not been wide acceptance of this format, possibly due to the lack of encoders and decoders available. [8]A reference implementation of MPEG-4 ALS encoder and decoder (mp4als – e.g. mp4alsRM23) can be obtained at the MPEG-4 ALS homepage and it was also published as ISO/IEC 14496-5:2001/Amd 10:2007/Cor 3:2009.
The Coding Schemes CS-1 to CS-4 specify the number of parity bits generated by the cyclic code and the puncturing rate of the convolutional code. [15] In Coding Schemes CS-1 through CS-3, the convolutional code is of rate 1/2, i.e. each input bit is converted into two coded bits. [ 15 ]