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In March 2020, the Mongolian government announced plans to use both Cyrillic and the traditional Mongolian script in official documents by 2025. [5] [6] [7] In China, the Cyrillic alphabet is also used by Chinese for learning the modern Mongolian language, as well as by some Mongols in Inner Mongolia to demonstrate their ethnic identity. [8] [9]
The traditional Mongolian alphabet is not a perfect fit for the Mongolian language, and it would be impractical to extend it to a language with a very different phonology like Chinese. Therefore, during the Yuan dynasty (c. 1269), Kublai Khan asked a Tibetan monk, Drogön Chögyal Phagpa, to design a new script for use by the whole empire.
There are two types of written Mongolian used in China: the traditional Mongolian script, which is official among Mongols nationwide, and the Clear Script, used predominantly among Oirats in Xinjiang. [135] In March 2020, the Mongolian government announced plans to use both Cyrillic and the traditional Mongolian script in official documents by ...
The traditional Mongolian script, [note 1] also known as the Hudum Mongol bichig, [note 2] was the first writing system created specifically for the Mongolian language, and was the most widespread until the introduction of Cyrillic in 1946. It is traditionally written in vertical lines from top to bottom, flowing in lines from left to right .
1 Mongolian language. 2 Clear Script. 3 Xibe language. 4 Manchu language. 5 Notes. 6 References. ... [11]: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter ...
[11]: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter ү. [12] [4] Indistinguishable from ö, except where ü can be inferred from its context: ü is found in medial or final syllables if e / i / ü are found syllable-initially. [2]: 20 [7]: 9–10 ᠦ᠋ = an alternative final form; also used in loanwords.
[11]: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter й. [7] [6] Derived from Old Uyghur yodh originally, and also later in the 19th century from Manchu yodh with an upturn ᠶ as an initial form. [12]: 59 [3]: 545, 546 [4]: 40 Produced with Y using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout. [13]
[10]: 84 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter с. [6] [5] Derived from Old Uyghur merged samekh and shin (𐽻 and 𐽿). [3]: 539–540, 545–546 [12]: 111, 113 [13]: 35 Produced with S using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout. [14] In the Mongolian Unicode block, s comes after l and before š.