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Thomas Aquinas OP (/ ə ˈ k w aɪ n ə s / ⓘ ə-KWY-nəs; Italian: Tommaso d'Aquino, lit. 'Thomas of Aquino'; c. 1225 – 7 March 1274) was an Italian [6] Dominican friar and priest, the foremost Scholastic thinker, [7] as well as one of the most influential philosophers and theologians in the Western tradition. [8]
Scholasticism was a medieval European philosophical movement or methodology that employed logically precise analyses and worked to reconcile classical philosophy and Catholic Christianity. [1] The Scholastics, also known as Schoolmen, [2] [3] primarily utilized dialectical reasoning predicated upon Aristotelianism and the Ten Categories.
Neo-scholasticism (also known as neo-scholastic Thomism [1] or neo-Thomism because of the great influence of the writings of Thomas Aquinas on the movement) is a revival and development of medieval scholasticism in Catholic theology and philosophy which began in the second half of the 19th century.
During the Middle Ages, moral theology developed in precision and scope through scholasticism. Much of the Catholic Church's current moral theology, especially regarding natural law, is based in the Summa Theologica by St. Thomas Aquinas, which is regarded as one of the best treatises of Catholic moral theology. [1]
Analytical Thomism is a philosophical movement which promotes the interchange of ideas between the thought of Thomas Aquinas (including the philosophy carried on in relation to his thinking, called 'Thomism'), and modern analytic philosophy. It is a branch of analytic scholasticism that draws on other scholastic sources, esp. John Duns Scotus. [1]
That the physical universe is consequentially well-ordered, consistent, and knowable, subject to human observation and reason, was a primary theme of Scholasticism and further molded into the philosophy of the western tradition by Augustine of Hippo and later by Thomas Aquinas.
The Quaestiones Disputatae de Veritate (transl. Disputed Questions on Truth, henceforth QDV [1] and sometimes spelled de Ueritate) by Thomas Aquinas is a collection of questions that are discussed in the disputation style of medieval scholasticism. It covers a variety of topics centering on the true, the good and man's search for them, but the ...
Despite being a specialist in modern philosophy, Penido had studied Aquinas (mostly through his commentators like Thomas Cajetan) and developed on comparative studies between Scholasticism and other currents of thought. The intellectual school at Rio has been described as notably more conservative than that of São Paulo.