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Urinary tract infections, even asymptomatic presence of bacteria in the urine, are more concerning in pregnancy due to the increased risk of kidney infections. [42] During pregnancy, high progesterone levels elevate the risk of decreased muscle tone of the ureters and bladder, which leads to a greater likelihood of reflux, where urine flows ...
UTI can be categorized into two primary types: cystitis, which refers to lower urinary tract or bladder infection, and pyelonephritis, which indicates upper urinary tract or kidney infection. [1] Escherichia coli (E. Coli) is the predominant microbial trigger of UTIs, accounting for 75% to 95% of reported cases.
Treatment of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis involves antibiotics as well as surgery. Removal of the kidney is the best surgical treatment in the overwhelming majority of cases, although polar resection (partial nephrectomy) has been effective for some people with localized disease.
Nephritis represents the ninth-most-common cause of death among all women in the US (and the fifth leading cause among non-Hispanic black women). [ 19 ] Worldwide, the highest rates [ clarification needed ] of nephritis are 50–55% for African or Asian descent followed by Hispanic at 43% and Caucasian at 17%.
A definitive diagnosis of PID is made by finding pus involving the fallopian tubes during surgery. [2] Ultrasound may also be useful in diagnosis. [2] Efforts to prevent the disease include not having sex or having few sexual partners and using condoms. [6] Screening women at risk for chlamydial infection followed by treatment decreases the ...
In pregnancy, dextrorotation (rotation to the right) of the uterus can cause compression on the right ureter, thus making hydronephrosis more common in the right kidney than in the left kidney. Besides, hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, and prostaglandin can cause ureter dilatation, thus causing hydronephrosis despite the absence of ...
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Approximately 10–30% of women are colonized with GBS during pregnancy. Nevertheless, during pregnancy, colonization can be temporary, intermittent, or continual. [12] Because of this the GBS colonization status of women can change during pregnancy, only cultures carried out ≤5 weeks before delivery and predict quite accurately the GBS ...