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A multiaxial joint, such as the hip joint, allows for three types of movement: anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and rotational. A multiaxial joint (polyaxial joint or triaxial joint) is a synovial joint that allows for several directions of movement. [9] In the human body, the shoulder and hip joints are multiaxial joints. [10]
In animal anatomy, a pivot joint (trochoid joint, rotary joint or lateral ginglymus) is a type of synovial joint whose movement axis is parallel to the long axis of the proximal bone, which typically has a convex articular surface.
The synovial membrane between the second and third cuneiforms behind, and the second and third metatarsal bones in front, is part of the great tarsal synovial membrane. Two prolongations are sent forward from it, one between the adjacent sides of the second and third, and another between those of the third and fourth metatarsal bones.
A plane joint (arthrodial joint, gliding joint, plane articulation) is a synovial joint which, under physiological conditions, allows only gliding movement. Plane joints permit sliding movements in the plane of articular surfaces. The opposed surfaces of the bones are flat or almost flat, with movement limited by their tight joint capsules.
Humeroradial joint: head of the radius: capitulum of the humerus: Is a ball-and-socket joint. Superior radioulnar joint: head of the radius: radial notch of the ulna: In any position of flexion or extension, the radius, carrying the hand with it, can be rotated in it. This movement includespronation and supination.
An example is the intervertebral disc. Individual intervertebral discs allow for small movements between adjacent vertebrae, but when added together, the vertebral column provides the flexibility that allows the body to twist, or bend to the front, back, or side. [13] synovial joint (also known as a diarthrosis) – freely movable.
Saddle joints are said to be biaxial, [5] allowing movement in the sagittal and frontal planes. [2] Examples of saddle joints in the human body include the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb, [6] [7] the sternoclavicular joint of the thorax, [8] the incudomalleolar joint of the middle ear, [9] and the calcaneocuboid joint of the heel. [2]
The ball-and-socket joint (or spheroid joint) is a type of synovial joint in which the ball-shaped surface of one rounded bone fits into the cup-like depression of another bone. The distal bone is capable of motion around an indefinite number of axes, which have one common center. This enables the joint to move in many directions.