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Antiochus IV Epiphanes [note 1] (c. 215 BC–November/December 164 BC) [1] was king of the Seleucid Empire from 175 BC until his death in 164 BC. Notable events during Antiochus' reign include his near-conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt, his persecution of the Jews of Judea and Samaria, and the rebellion of the Jewish Maccabees.
After Epiphanes married Capitolina, they settled and lived in the court of Antiochus IV. In 65 Capitolina bore Epiphanes their first son and child, Gaius Julius Antiochus Epiphanes Philopappos in Samosata. In 70 Epiphanes was sent by his father with troops to command and assist the prince Titus to end the siege in Jerusalem.
The sons of Antiochus VIII responded; Demetrius III took Damascus and ruled it, [14] while Seleucus VI killed Antiochus IX in 95 BC and took Antioch. [15] The new king was defeated by Antiochus IX's son Antiochus X (r. 95–92/88 BC), who took the capital. [16] Seleucus VI escaped to Mopsuestia in Cilicia where he was killed by rebels in 94 BC ...
Alexander Balas claimed to be the son of Antiochus IV Epiphanes and Laodice IV and heir to the Seleucid throne. The ancient sources, Polybius and Diodorus say that this claim was false and that he and his sister Laodice VI were really natives of Smyrna of humble origin. [2]
More wars involving Judas and his brothers Simon and Jonathan are reported in chapters 5, 6 and 7. Chapter 6 reports the last days of Antiochus Epiphanes and the accession of his young son Antiochus V Eupator to the throne. [32] In chapter 8, Judas seeks an alliance with the Roman Republic, aiming to remove the Greeks. [33]
The subject of Maccabees is the Maccabean Revolt against Antiochus' son, Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Antiochus III is first mentioned in 1 Maccabees 1:10, when Antiochus IV is introduced as "son of King Antiochus [Antiochus III]". Antiochus III is mentioned later in 1 Maccabees 8, which describes Judas Maccabeus' knowledge of the deeds of the Roman ...
Justin called Antiochus VI a step-son of Demetrius II. [54] In Wright's view, this association between Antiochus VI and his father's enemy might be an indication that Demetrius II adopted Antiochus VI in an attempt to close the rift in the royal family. Likewise, it is possible Alexander II was indeed a son of Alexander I adopted by Antiochus VII.
Eleazar was a Jewish martyr who died during the persecution of Judaism in Judea ordered by King Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Together with the woman with seven sons, he is one of the "Holy Maccabean Martyrs" celebrated by the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox churches. In the Eastern Orthodox calendar their feast day is August 1.