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The existence of alcohol-related dementia is widely acknowledged but not often used as a diagnosis, due to a lack of widely accepted, non-subjective diagnostic criteria; more research is needed. [10] Criteria for alcohol-induced persistent dementia in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) include the following:
Alcohol acts as a general central nervous system depressant, but it also affects some specific areas of the brain to a greater extent than others. Memory impairment caused by alcohol has been linked to the disruption of hippocampal function—particularly affecting gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) neurotransmission which negatively impacts long-term potentiation ...
Binge drinking, or heavy episodic drinking, can lead to damage in the limbic system that occurs after a relatively short period of time. This brain damage increases the risk of alcohol-related dementia, and abnormalities in mood and cognitive abilities. Binge drinkers also have an increased risk of developing chronic alcoholism.
Binge drinking regimes are associated with causing an imbalance between inhibitory and excitatory amino acids and changes in monoamine release in the central nervous system, which increases neurotoxicity; this may result in cognitive impairments, psychological problems, and may cause irreversible brain damage in both adolescent and adult long-term binge drinkers.
This in turn leads to more profound withdrawal symptoms including anxiety, convulsions and neurotoxicity. [26] Binge drinking is associated with increased impulsivity, impairments in spatial working memory and impaired emotional learning. These adverse effects are believed to be due to the neurotoxic effects of repeated withdrawal from alcohol ...
Diagnosis of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is by clinical impression and can sometimes be confirmed by a formal neuropsychological assessment. Wernicke encephalopathy typically presents with ataxia and nystagmus , and Korsakoff's psychosis with anterograde and retrograde amnesia and confabulation upon relevant lines of questioning.
290.3 Senile dementia with acute confusional state; 290.4 Arteriosclerotic dementia; 290.8 Other senile and presenile organic psychotic conditions; 290.9 Unspecified senile and presenile organic psychotic conditions; 291 Alcoholic psychoses. 291.0 Delirium tremens; 291.1 Korsakov's psychosis, alcoholic; 291.2 Other alcoholic dementia; 291.3 ...
Severe cognitive problems are common; approximately 10% of all dementia cases are related to alcohol consumption, making it the second leading cause of dementia. [52] Excessive alcohol use causes damage to brain function , and psychological health can be increasingly affected over time. [ 53 ]