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Pivalic acid is prepared on a commercial scale by hydrocarboxylation of isobutene via the Koch reaction: (CH 3) 2 C=CH 2 + CO + H 2 O → (CH 3) 3 CCO 2 H. Such reactions require an acid catalyst such as hydrogen fluoride. tert-Butyl alcohol and isobutyl alcohol can also be used in place of isobutene. Globally, several million kilograms are ...
Standard acid catalysts are sulfuric acid or a mixture of BF 3 and HF. Although the use of acidic ionic liquids for the Koch reaction requires relatively high temperatures and pressures (8 MPa and 430 K in one 2006 study [ 9 ] ), acidic ionic solutions themselves can be reused with only a very slight decrease in yield, and the reactions can be ...
2,2-Dimethylpropanoyl chloride is a branched-chain acyl chloride. [1] It was first made by Aleksandr Butlerov in 1874 by reacting pivalic acid with phosphorus pentachloride. [2] Pivaloyl chloride is used as an input in the manufacture of some drugs, insecticides and herbicides.
Industrially pinacolone is made by the hydrolysis of 4,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxane, which is the product of isoprene and formaldehyde via the Prins reaction. It also is generated by ketonization of pivalic acid and acetic acid or acetone over metal oxide catalysts. 3-Methylbutanal is a starting material for 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, which in turn is ...
Methyl pivalate is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 O 2 CC(CH 3) 3. It is a colorless liquid, the methyl ester of pivalic acid. The ester is well known for being resistant to hydrolysis to the parent acid. Hydrolysis can be effected with a solution of trimethylsilyl iodide in hot acetonitrile followed by aqueous workup. [1] [2]
Chloroacetic acid is mainly made by hydrolysing trichloroethylene in the presence of sulfuric acid: CCl 2 =CHCl + 2 H 2 O → CH 2 ClCOOH + 2 HCl; Dichloroacetic acid is manufactured in small quantities by reducing trichloroacetic acid. Trichloroacetic acid is made by directly reacting chlorine with acetic acid using a suitable catalyst.
Pivaldehyde is an organic compound, more specifically an aldehyde.Shown in the image is a line-angle representation of this organic aldehyde, whose systematic name, 2,2-dimethylpropanal, is based on the longest carbon chain (three carbon atoms), ending in "-al" to indicate the aldehyde functionality, and where another descriptive synonym is trimethylacetaldehyde. [2]
RuCl 2 (PPh 3) 3 is the product of the reaction of ruthenium trichloride trihydrate with a methanolic solution of triphenylphosphine. [1] [2] 2 RuCl 3 (H 2 O) 3 + 7 PPh 3 → 2 RuCl 2 (PPh 3) 3 + 2 HCl + 5 H 2 O + OPPh 3. The coordination sphere of RuCl 2 (PPh 3) 3 can be viewed as either five-coordinate or octahedral.