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South Australia was founded as a free-colony, without convicts. The Province of South Australia was established in 1836 as a privately financed settlement based on the theory of "systematic colonisation" developed by Edward Gibbon Wakefield. Convict labour was banned in the hope of making the colony more attractive to "respectable" families and ...
The ancestors of Aboriginal Australians began arriving from south-east Asia 50,000 to 65,000 years ago, during the last glacial period. [1] [2] Arriving by sea, they settled the continent and had formed approximately 250 distinct language groups by the time of European settlement, maintaining some of the longest known continuing artistic and religious traditions in the world.
Building Image Location State First built Use Notes Elizabeth Farm: Rosehill: New South Wales: 1793 [5]: Residential The oldest surviving European dwelling in Australia. [6] It is currently a living museum, where the public can access all areas, and it is represented in authentic period style as it would have been at the time of its original use [5]
Year Town/City State/Territory Notes 1788 Sydney: New South Wales: First permanent Australian city. [1] Largest city in Australia, capital of New South Wales. 1788 Parramatta: New South Wales Second-oldest settlement in Australia. [2] Now a part of the Sydney urban area. 1788 Kingston: Norfolk Island: Island settled as part of the Colony of New ...
The Tasmanian Society, founded in 1837, was Australia's leading scientific society at the time. The Royal Society of Van Diemen's Land for Botany, Horticulture and the Advancement of Science was established in 1844. The University of Sydney, founded in 1850, included chairs in mathematics, chemistry and physics. [196]
A number of aircraft were built under licence in Australia before the war's end, notably the Beaufort and Beaufighter, although the majority of aircraft were from Britain and later, the USA. [136] The Boomerang fighter , designed and built in four months of 1942, emphasised the desperate state Australia found itself in as the Japanese advanced.
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, [17] is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. [18] Australia has a total area of 7,688,287 km 2 (2,968,464 sq mi), making it the sixth-largest country in the world and the largest in Oceania .
Australia Square in Sydney, emblematic of 1960s modernism, was designed by Harry Seidler. Crown Sydney Melbourne is home to 71 skyscrapers , the two tallest being Australia 108 (left), the Southern Hemisphere's only 100-plus-storey building , and Eureka Tower (right).