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Parliamentary procedure is the body of rules, ethics, and customs governing meetings and other operations of clubs, organizations, legislative bodies, and other deliberative assemblies. General principles of parliamentary procedure include rule of the majority with respect for the minority.
In parliamentary procedure, an objection to the consideration of a question is a motion that is adopted to prevent an original main motion from coming before the assembly. This motion is different from an objection to a unanimous consent request.
Henry M. Robert. A U.S. Army officer, Henry Martyn Robert (1837–1923), saw a need for a standard of parliamentary procedure while living in San Francisco.He found San Francisco in the mid-to-late 19th century to be a chaotic place where meetings of any kind tended to be tumultuous, with little consistency of procedure and with people of many nationalities and traditions thrown together.
In the United States terms used are parliamentary law, parliamentary practice, legislative procedure, rules of order, or Robert's rules of order. [2] Rules of order consist of rules written by the body itself (often referred to as bylaws), usually supplemented by a published parliamentary authority adopted by the body.
The American Institute of Parliamentarians (AIP) is a not-for-profit educational organization founded in 1958. [3] The objectives of AIP are to promote the use and teaching of parliamentary procedure, as well as the training and certification of parliamentarians. [4] This organization had 48 members in its first year. [4]
Three of the major parliamentary authorities: Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised, The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure, and Demeter's Manual – all agree that provisions in the bylaws that do not relate to parliamentary procedure may not be suspended. [3] [7] Demeter notes how this plays into the reality of parliamentary situations: [9]
The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure (Fourth ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-136513-0. American Institute of Parliamentarians (2012). American Institute of Parliamentarians Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-177864-0. Education Department, American Institute of Parliamentarians (2014).
The following guides were prepared by professional parliamentarians (experts in meeting procedures) who were credentialed with the National Association of Parliamentarians and/or the American Institute of Parliamentarians. Jennings, C. Alan (2016). Robert's Rules For Dummies (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 432 pages.