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Corrosion may occur where stale sewage generates hydrogen sulfide gas into an atmosphere containing oxygen gas and high relative humidity. There must be an underlying anaerobic aquatic habitat containing sulfates and an overlying aerobic aquatic habitat separated by a gas phase containing both oxygen and hydrogen sulfide at concentrations in excess of 2 ppm.
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) outlines general duties for states to safeguard the marine environment (Articles 145, 192) and specifies in Article 206 that planned activities with the potential to cause significant harm must undergo an assessment of their potential effects, with findings duly reported. [10]
Among air pollution, water contamination is a huge factor mainly because oil shales are dealing with oxygen and hydrocarbons. [102] There is changes in the landscape with mining sites due to oil shale mining and the production using chemical products. [103]
[3] [4] The impact of sub-surface mining on the surroundings will be less than for open pit mines. However, sub-surface mining may also cause subsidence of the surface due to the collapse of mined-out area and abandoned stone drifts. [3] Disposal of mining wastes, spent oil shale (including semi-coke) and combustion ashes needs additional land ...
Pure sulfuric acid does not occur naturally due to its strong affinity to water vapor; it is hygroscopic and readily absorbs water vapor from the air. [7] Concentrated sulfuric acid is a strong oxidant with powerful dehydrating properties, making it highly corrosive towards other materials, from rocks to metals.
Sub-surface mining often progresses below the water table, so water must be constantly pumped out of the mine in order to prevent flooding. When a mine is abandoned, the pumping ceases, and water floods the mine. This introduction of water is the initial step in most acid rock drainage situations.
The effectiveness of piranha solution in decomposing organic residues is due to two distinct processes operating at noticeably different rates. The first and faster [citation needed] process is the removal of hydrogen and oxygen as units of water by the concentrated sulfuric acid.
The lead chamber process for sulfuric acid production was abandoned, partly because it could not produce sulfur trioxide or concentrated sulfuric acid directly due to corrosion of the lead, and absorption of NO 2 gas. Until this process was made obsolete by the contact process, oleum had to be obtained through indirect methods.