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The most commonly utilized emulsified fuel is a water-in-diesel emulsion (also known as hydrodiesel). [1] In these emulsions, the two phases are immiscible liquids—water and oil. Emulsified fuels can be categorized as either microemulsions or conventional emulsions (sometimes called macroemulsions to distinguish them from microemulsions).
The water phase of oil-based mud can be freshwater, or a solution of sodium or calcium chloride. The external phase is oil and does not allow the water to contact the formation. The shales don't become water wet. Poor stability of the emulsion results in the two layers separating into two distinct layers. The advantages are: high drilling rates
Heavy fuel oil (HFO) is a category of fuel oils of a tar-like consistency. Also known as bunker fuel , or residual fuel oil , HFO is the result or remnant from the distillation and cracking process of petroleum .
"Mud engineer" is the name given to an oil field service company individual who is charged with maintaining a drilling fluid or completion fluid system on an oil and/or gas drilling rig. [13] This individual typically works for the company selling the chemicals for the job and is specifically trained with those products, though independent mud ...
usually range from approximately 10 nm to 100 μm; i.e., the droplets may exceed the usual size limits for colloidal particles. Note 4: An emulsion is termed an oil/water (o/w) emulsion if the dispersed phase is an organic material and the continuous phase is water or an aqueous solution and is termed water/oil (w/o) if the dispersed
Demulsifiers, or emulsion breakers, are a class of specialty chemicals used to separate emulsions, for example, water in oil. They are commonly used in the processing of crude oil, which is typically produced along with significant quantities of saline water. This water (and salt) must be removed from the crude oil prior to refining.
A Ramsden emulsion, sometimes named Pickering emulsion, is an emulsion that is stabilized by solid particles (for example colloidal silica) which adsorb onto the interface between the water and oil phases. Typically, the emulsions are either water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions, but other more complex systems such as water-in-water, oil-in ...
In an oil-in-water emulsion, oil is the discrete phase, while water is the continuous phase. What the Bancroft rule states is that contrary to common sense, what makes an emulsion oil-in-water or water-in-oil is not the relative percentages of oil or water, but which phase the emulsifier is more soluble in.