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Because the main memory is 16kB, we need a minimum of 14 bits to uniquely represent a memory address. Since each cache block is of size 4 bytes and is 2-way set-associative, the total number of sets in the cache is 256/(4 * 2), which equals 32 sets. Set-Associative Cache. The incoming address to the cache is divided into bits for Offset, Index ...
On a cache miss, the line with an RRPV equal to the maximum possible RRPV is evicted; with 3-bit values, a line with an RRPV of 2 3 - 1 = 7 is evicted. If no lines have this value, all RRPVs in the set are increased by 1 until one reaches it. A tie-breaker is needed, and usually, it is the first line on the left.
Although the performance of a LUT is a guaranteed () for a lookup operation, no two entities or values can have the same key .When the size of universe —where the keys are drawn—is large, it might be impractical or impossible to be stored in memory.
For example, a two-dimensional array A with three rows and four columns might provide access to the element at the 2nd row and 4th column by the expression A[1][3] in the case of a zero-based indexing system. Thus two indices are used for a two-dimensional array, three for a three-dimensional array, and n for an n-dimensional array.
A 16-bit register can store 2 16 different values. The range of integer values that can be stored in 16 bits depends on the integer representation used. With the two most common representations, the range is 0 through 65,535 (2 16 − 1) for representation as an ( unsigned ) binary number , and −32,768 (−1 × 2 15 ) through 32,767 (2 15 − ...
More generally, there are d! possible orders for a given array, one for each permutation of dimensions (with row-major and column-order just 2 special cases), although the lists of stride values are not necessarily permutations of each other, e.g., in the 2-by-3 example above, the strides are (3,1) for row-major and (1,2) for column-major.
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The amount of memory needed to hold the code for the algorithm. The amount of memory needed for the input data. The amount of memory needed for any output data. Some algorithms, such as sorting, often rearrange the input data and do not need any additional space for output data. This property is referred to as "in-place" operation.