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Monarda clinopodia, commonly known as white bergamot, basil bee balm or white bee balm, is a perennial wildflower in the mint family, Lamiaceae. This species is native to North America, ranging north from New York, west to Missouri, and south to Georgia and Alabama. [1] M. clinopodia has also been introduced into Vermont and Massachusetts. [2]
Monarda fistulosa, the wild bergamot or bee balm, [3] is a wildflower in the mint family Lamiaceae, widespread and abundant as a native plant in much of North America. [4] This plant, with showy summer-blooming pink to lavender flowers, is often used as a honey plant , medicinal plant , and garden ornamental . [ 5 ]
Monarda is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. [3] The genus is endemic to North America. [2] [4] Common names include bergamot, bee balm, horsemint, and oswego tea, the first being inspired by the fragrance of the leaves, which is reminiscent of bergamot orange (Citrus bergamia).
The flowers are reddish-purple, pink, or white, with four petals and six long stamens. [7] The fruit is a capsule 3–6 cm (1–2.5 in) long containing several seeds. [13] [14] Flowering lasts an extended period because it begins at the bottom of the stalk and works its way up. The onset of flowering and seed pods comes at the same time. [10]
The florets are white or pink, curved, about 1 in (2.5 cm) long, with a narrow tube and upper lip and a slightly wider lower lip speckled with purple. The flowers usually bloom in late spring and early summer. The seed is a nutlet that can be dispersed by the wind, and the plant can also spread by vegetative growth from rhizomes. [2]
Varying in color from light pink to white, the bracts are ornamental longer than the flowers, whereas the flowers (yellow with brown spots) are visible only at close range. [4] Monarda Punctata specimen from Kent Park, Iowa. Found in a sandy section of soil on a hill. Illustration of Monarda punctata by Sydenham Teak Edwards (1768–1819)
Warm stratification requires temperatures of 15–20 °C (59–68 °F). In many instances, warm stratification followed by cold stratification requirements can also be met by planting the seeds in summer in a mulched bed for expected germination the following spring. Some seeds may not germinate until the second spring. [citation needed]
The thorax is orange-brown and densely hairy, while the abdomen alternate black and white transversal stripes. The face has a whitish drawing. The third antennal segment is about as long as the three following segments together. Scopa is white, but black at the front edge. Metatarsus on the hind legs is black haired.