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Crocus sativus is a perennial herb [5] that grows about 10 to 30 cm high. [6] It develops as an underground corm, which produces leaves, bracts, bracteole, and the flowering stalk. [7] It generally blooms with purple flowers in the autumn. Flowers are sterile, have six petals and three red to orange colored stigmas. [8]
The domesticated saffron crocus, Crocus sativus, is an autumn-flowering perennial plant unknown in the wild. It probably descends from the eastern Mediterranean autumn-flowering Crocus cartwrightianus which is also known as "wild saffron" [12] and is native to mainland Greece, Euboea, Crete, Skyros and some islands of the Cyclades. [13]
The economic importance of the genus is largely dependent on the single species, Crocus sativus, now known only in cultivation. [94] C. sativus is grown for the production of saffron, an orange-red derivative of its dried stigma, and among the most expensive spices in the world. [53] The estimated worldwide production of C. sativus plants is ...
Crocus cartwrightianus, a plant native to mainland Greece, Euboea, Crete, Skyros and some islands of the Cyclades has been used as a wild source of saffron. [3] A study reported in 2019 that the authors considered that a cross between two cytotypes of Crocus cartwrightianus was responsible for the emergence of Crocus sativus.
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Its colour varies from a true saffron orange to a range of dull mustard and yellowish-brown hues. The Antrim GAA teams are nicknamed "The Saffrons" because of the saffron-coloured kit which they play in. The Old Irish word for saffron, cróc, [36] derives directly from the Latin Crocus sativus.
Crocus Crocus sativus Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Monocots Order: Asparagales Family: Iridaceae Subfamily: Crocoideae Tribe: Ixieae Genus: Crocus L. Type species Crocus sativus L. Sections Crocus Nudiscapus Synonyms Safran Medik. Geanthus Raf. Crociris Schur This list of Crocus species shows the accepted species names within the ...
Other parts of bulbous plants were also used in cooking. The Minoans of Crete grew and traded saffron (either the wild species Crocus cartwrightianus or the cultivated Crocus sativus). The plant is depicted in paintings from around 1550 BC. [22] Saffron consists of the dried stigmas of the flowers, and is used as a spice and also as a dye. [14]