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The CVA desk of an investment bank, whose purpose is to: hedge for possible losses due to counterparty default; hedge to reduce the amount of capital required under the CVA calculation of Basel 3; The "CVA charge". The hedging of the CVA desk has a cost associated to it, i.e. the bank has to buy the hedging instrument.
A major task of the XVA-desk, therefore, [4] [24] is to hedge [13] this exposure; see Financial risk management § Banking. This is achieved by buying, for example, credit default swaps: this "CDS protection" applies in that its value is driven, also, by the counterparty's credit worthiness.
Statements of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, commonly known as FAS 133, is an accounting standard issued in June 1998 by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) that requires companies to measure all assets and liabilities on their balance sheet at “fair value”.
The stock example above is a "classic" sort of hedge, known in the industry as a pairs trade due to the trading on a pair of related securities. As investors became more sophisticated, along with the mathematical tools used to calculate values (known as models), the types of hedges have increased greatly. Examples of hedging include: [7]
Here the 80:125 rule applies to the estimated slope; additionally, for the hedge to be deemed effective, the R squared must be better than 0.8. "Variance-reduction test". Also a comparison of the forecast values or cash flows of the hedged item and those of the hedging instrument, but here returning: [4]
Some examples of basis risks are: Treasury bill futures being hedged by two year bonds, there lies the risk of not fluctuating as desired. A foreign currency exchange rate (FX) hedge using a non-deliverable forward contract (NDF): the NDF fixing might vary substantially from the actual available spot rate on the market on fixing date.
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The banking industry is, in most economies, subject to regulation by a national financial services supervisory body, for example the Financial Services Authority in the UK, with the regulatory regime including a requirement for banks to hold at least minimum levels of capital designed to withstand the likely incidence of various risks ...