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TD-Lambda is a learning algorithm invented by Richard S. Sutton based on earlier work on temporal difference learning by Arthur Samuel. [11] This algorithm was famously applied by Gerald Tesauro to create TD-Gammon , a program that learned to play the game of backgammon at the level of expert human players.
Its name comes from the fact that it is an artificial neural net trained by a form of temporal-difference learning, specifically TD-Lambda. The final version of TD-Gammon (2.1) was trained with 1.5 million games of self-play, and achieved a level of play just slightly below that of the top human backgammon players of the time.
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Each "level" of learning is an emergent phenomenon, with the previous level as its premise. This results in a stack of behaviors, each dependent on its predecessor. Autocurricula in reinforcement learning experiments are compared to the stages of the evolution of life on Earth and the development of human culture.
Thinking in Java (ISBN 978-0131872486) is a book about the Java programming language, written by Bruce Eckel and first published in 1998. Prentice Hall published the 4th edition of the work in 2006. The book represents a print version of Eckel’s “Hands-on Java” seminar.
The James Paul Gee Learning Games Awards were created in 2020 to apply Gee's theories to the identification and judging of learning game design. Gee's book is used in Kimon Keramidas' [9] argument explaining the learning processes of gamers. Some of the schema and elements that are used in game designing can be analogously used as "frameworks ...
In his book What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy, James Paul Gee talks about the application and principles of digital learning. Gee has focused on the learning principles in video games and how these learning principles can be applied to the K-12 classroom. Successful video games are good at challenging players.