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Temperature measurements are also made by GPS radio occultation. [31] This technique measures the refraction of the radio waves transmitted by GPS satellites as they propagate in the Earth's atmosphere, thus allowing vertical temperature and moisture profiles to be measured.
One of the most important applications of thermal remote sensing in earth sciences is to calculate the Land Surface Temperature (LST). LST is a measurement of how hot the land is to the touch. It differs from air temperature (the temperature given in weather reports) because land heats and cools more quickly than air. [15]
They measure radiances in various wavelength bands, from which temperature may be inferred. [1] [2] The resulting temperature profiles depend on details of the methods that are used to obtain temperatures from radiances. As a result, different groups that have analyzed the satellite data have obtained different temperature data (see Microwave ...
These two satellite records reflect two different ways of interpreting the same set of microwave sounder measurements and are not independent records. Each record is plotted as the monthly average and straight lines are fit through each data set from January 1982 to December 2009 .
Microwave brightness measurements do not directly measure temperature. They measure radiances in various wavelength bands, which must then be mathematically inverted to obtain indirect inferences of temperature. [1] [2] The resulting temperature profiles depend on details of the methods that are used to obtain temperatures from radiances. As a ...
The term "sounder" in AIRS's name refers to the fact that the instrument measures temperature and water vapor as a function of height (atmospheric sounding). AIRS measures the infrared brightness coming up from Earth's surface and from the atmosphere. Its scan mirror rotates around an axis along the line of flight and directs infrared energy ...
For example, in a scenario where the actual temperature is 10 degrees but the "feels like" temperature is -5 degrees, what that really means is that the wind chill is making it feel as if the air ...
A Sentinel-3 image shows true colour (left) and land temperature (right) during the 2021 Eurasia winter heat wave. SLSTR (Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer) determines global sea-surface temperatures to an accuracy of better than 0.3 K (0.3 °C; 0.5 °F). It measures in nine spectral channels and two additional bands optimised for ...