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Wolfram states several phenomena are normally computationally irreducible [1]. Computational irreducibility explains why many natural systems are hard to predict or simulate. The Principle of Computational Equivalence implies these systems are as computationally powerful as any designed computer.
Stephen Wolfram (/ ˈ w ʊ l f r əm / WUUL-frəm; born 29 August 1959) is a British-American [6] computer scientist, physicist, and businessman. He is known for his work in computer algebra and theoretical physics .
A physicist considers whether artificial intelligence can fix science, regulation, and innovation.
A well-known classification of cellular automata by Stephen Wolfram studies their behavior on random initial conditions. For a reversible cellular automaton, if the initial configuration is chosen uniformly at random among all possible configurations, then that same uniform randomness continues to hold for all subsequent states.
It is one of 25 candidate axioms for this property identified by Stephen Wolfram, by enumerating the Sheffer identities of length less or equal to 15 elements (excluding mirror images) that have no noncommutative models with four or fewer variables, and was first proven equivalent by William McCune, Branden Fitelson, and Larry Wos.
Some speakers have included Sebastian Thrun, Rodney Brooks, Barney Pell, Marshall Brain, Justin Rattner, Peter Diamandis, Stephen Wolfram, Gregory Benford, Robin Hanson, Anders Sandberg, Juergen Schmidhuber, Aubrey de Grey, Max Tegmark, and Michael Shermer. There have also been spinoff conferences in Melbourne, Australia in 2010, 2011 and 2012.
All the 256 elementary cellular automaton rules [1] (click or tap to enlarge). In mathematics and computability theory , an elementary cellular automaton is a one-dimensional cellular automaton where there are two possible states (labeled 0 and 1) and the rule to determine the state of a cell in the next generation depends only on the current ...
Mathematical existence equals physical existence, and all structures that exist mathematically exist physically as well. Observers, including humans, are "self-aware substructures (SASs)". In any mathematical structure complex enough to contain such substructures, they "will subjectively perceive themselves as existing in a physically 'real ...