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Unusual responses to sensory stimuli are more common and prominent in individuals with autism, and sensory abnormalities are commonly recognized as diagnostic criteria in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as reported in the DSM-5; although there is no good evidence that sensory symptoms differentiate autism from other developmental disorders. [84]
Furthermore, the presence of autism can make it harder to diagnose coexisting psychiatric disorders such as depression. [9] Diagnosing will be much harder in adults, since most people with ASD who reach adulthood undiagnosed, learn diverse (and often intense) masking techniques which make external diagnosis almost impossible.
[4] [5] A spectrum approach, by comparison, suggests that although there is a common underlying link, which could be continuous, particular sets of individuals present with particular patterns of symptoms (i.e. syndrome or subtype), reminiscent of the visible spectrum of distinct colors after refraction of light by a prism. [1]
PDD-NOS is not a current part of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders typology (as of the DSM-5), which is the most common diagnostic typology used in the United States. In the still used (though deprecated) ICD-10 , it is considered "atypical autism" and "pervasive developmental disorder, unspecified".
The first three of these disorders are commonly called the autism spectrum disorders; the last two disorders are much rarer, and are sometimes placed in the autism spectrum and sometimes not. [2] [3] In May 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual–5th Edition (DSM-5) was released, updating the classification for pervasive developmental ...
Autistic catatonia is currently recognized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), which is the major taxonomic and diagnostic tool published by the American Psychiatric Association. The DSM does not currently treat autistic catatonia as a separate disorder.
Classic autism, also known as childhood autism, autistic disorder, or Kanner's syndrome, is a formerly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder first described by Leo Kanner in 1943. It is characterized by atypical and impaired development in social interaction and communication as well as restricted, repetitive behaviors, activities, and interests.
An alternate, widely used classification publication is the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), produced by the World Health Organization (WHO). [13] The ICD has a broader scope than the DSM, covering overall health as well as mental health; chapter 6 of the ICD specifically covers mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders.