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  2. List of fictional diseases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fictional_diseases

    The disease is contracted by touch and slowly turns the skin (small patches in children and the entire body in adults) of the victim to into a gray, stone-like form. It is said that the disease also drives its adult victims insane. Hanahaki disease, or hanahaki byou. Hanahaki Otome (花吐き乙女) by Matsuda Naoko.

  3. Parrondo's paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrondo's_paradox

    With this understanding, the paradox resolves itself: The individual games are losing only under a distribution that differs from that which is actually encountered when playing the compound game. In summary, Parrondo's paradox is an example of how dependence can wreak havoc with probabilistic computations made under a naive assumption of ...

  4. Born in the purple - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_in_the_purple

    Traditionally, born in the purple [1] (sometimes "born to the purple") was a category of members of royal families born during the reign of their parent. This notion was later loosely expanded to include all children born of prominent or high-ranking parents. [2] The parents must be prominent at the time of the child's birth so that the child ...

  5. Common knowledge (logic) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_knowledge_(logic)

    Common knowledge (logic) Common knowledge is a special kind of knowledge for a group of agents. There is common knowledge of p in a group of agents G when all the agents in G know p, they all know that they know p, they all know that they all know that they know p, and so on ad infinitum. [1] It can be denoted as .

  6. Monty Hall problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Hall_problem

    Monty Hall problem. In search of a new car, the player chooses a door, say 1. The game host then opens one of the other doors, say 3, to reveal a goat and offers to let the player switch from door 1 to door 2. The Monty Hall problem is a brain teaser, in the form of a probability puzzle, based nominally on the American television game show Let ...

  7. Robert Aumann - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Aumann

    Robert Aumann. Robert John Aumann ( Hebrew name: ישראל אומן, Yisrael Aumann; born June 8, 1930) is an Israeli-American mathematician, and a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences. He is a professor at the Center for the Study of Rationality in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel. He also holds a visiting ...

  8. List of games in game theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_games_in_game_theory

    Perfect information: A game has perfect information if it is a sequential game and every player knows the strategies chosen by the players who preceded them. Constant sum: A game is a constant sum game if the sum of the payoffs to every player are the same for every single set of strategies. In these games, one player gains if and only if ...

  9. List of diseases (D) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(D)

    Desmoplastic small round cell tumor. Developmental coordination disorder. Developmental delay epilepsy neonatal diabetes (DEND syndrome) Developmental delay hypotonia extremities hypertrophy. Developmental dyslexia. Developmental dysphasia familial. Devic syndrome. Devriendt–Legius–Fryns syndrome.