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Esophoria is an eye condition involving inward deviation of the eye, usually due to extra-ocular muscle imbalance. It is a type of heterophoria. Cause
If you cover one eye (e.g., with your hand) you remove the sensory information about the eye's position in the orbit. Without this, there is no stimulus to binocular fusion, and the eye will move to a position of "rest". The difference between this position, and where it would be were the eye uncovered, is the heterophoria.
The symptoms and signs associated with convergence insufficiency are related to prolonged, visually demanding, near-centered tasks. They may include, but are not limited to, diplopia (double vision), asthenopia (eye strain), transient blurred vision, difficulty sustaining near-visual function, abnormal fatigue, headache, and abnormal postural adaptation, among others.
Whereas for adults a small Snellen chart letter or number can be used. [1] Distance Targets (6m) Spotlight – In those patients with amblyopia a spotlight could be used. (Same as near targets). [1] Snellen chart – This is the most commonly used target when assessing a patient's far component of a cover test. [1]
Exophoria is a form of heterophoria in which there is a tendency of the eyes to deviate outward. [1] During examination, when the eyes are dissociated, the visual axes will appear to diverge away from one another. [2] The axis deviation in exophoria is usually mild compared with that of exotropia.
Current treatment regimens can prevent 90% of severe vision loss. [37] Although these treatments are very successful (in slowing or stopping further vision loss), they do not cure diabetic retinopathy. Caution should be exercised in treatment with laser surgery since it causes a loss of retinal tissue.
Numbers and arrows should be seen clearly. Relaxation of accommodation can result in an increase in exophoria and a decrease in esophoria, leading to an inaccurate result; The examiner should check the function of the Maddox Wing Instrument before use; the septa can be easily bent, leading to the septa not covering the intended view.
The "limited additional treatment" includes the comfort measures in addition to basic medical treatment. [21] “Full treatment” authorizes the medical team to try their best to save the individual and increases their life expectancy with all methods. [21] This option also allows people to choose whether they would like a trial period.