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Correctional populations in the U.S., 1980–2013 US timeline graphs of number of people incarcerated in jails and prisons. The prison-industrial complex (PIC) is a term, coined after the "military-industrial complex" of the 1950s, used by scholars and activists to describe the many relationships between institutions of imprisonment (such as prisons, jails, detention facilities, and ...
Finally, since the early 1970s, the United States has engaged in a historically unprecedented expansion of its imprisonment systems at both the federal and state level. Since 1973, the number of incarcerated persons in the United States has increased five-fold. Now, about 2,200,000 people, or 3.2 percent of the adult population, are imprisoned ...
A 19th-century jail cell room at a Pennsylvania museum. A prison, also known as a jail, gaol, penitentiary, detention center, correction center, correctional facility, remand center, hoosegow, or slammer is a facility where people are imprisoned against their will and denied their liberty under the authority of the state, generally as punishment for various crimes.
v. t. e. In the United States, penal labor is a multi-billion-dollar industry. [1] Annually, incarcerated workers provide at least $9 billion in services to the prison system and produce more than $2 billion in goods. [2] [3] [4] The industry underwent many transitions throughout the late 19th and early and mid 20th centuries.
Prison reform is the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons, improve the effectiveness of a penal system, reduce recidivism or implement alternatives to incarceration. [1] It also focuses on ensuring the reinstatement of those whose lives are impacted by crimes. [1]
Lorton Reformatory. The Lorton Reformatory, also known as the Lorton Correctional Complex, is a former prison complex in Lorton, Virginia, established in 1910 for the District of Columbia, United States. The complex began as a prison farm called the Occoquan Workhouse for nonviolent offenders serving short sentences.
Panopticon. This plan of Jeremy Bentham's panopticon prison was drawn by Willey Reveley in 1791. The panopticon is a design of institutional building with an inbuilt system of control, originated by the English philosopher and social theorist Jeremy Bentham in the 18th century. The concept is to allow all prisoners of an institution to be ...
History. The DOC was first established as an agency in 1946, when the District Jail (built 1872) was combined with the Lorton Correctional Complex. The latter began as a workhouse for male prisoners in 1910, but later expanded to include eight prisons on 3,000 acres (12 km 2) of land in Lorton, Fairfax County, Virginia.