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Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16th to 18th centuries).
This list is not complete because in the 19th century Poland was a divided kingdom, between the Russian, the Austrian and the German Empires. Polish-Lithuanian magnates 1576-1586 Princes
François Louis, Prince of Conti 1664–1709 elected 1697: Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin 1673–1726: Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp 1671–1702: Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor 1697–1745: Maria Amalia of Austria 1701–1756: Maria Josepha of Austria 1699–1757: Augustus III 1696–1734–1763: Marie ...
After the German conquest of Poland, a Polish government-in-exile was formed under the protection of France and Britain. The President of the Republic and the government-in-exile were recognised by the United Kingdom and, later, by the United States until 6 July 1945, when the Western Allies accepted the Communist-led government backed by ...
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. After Polish–Lithuanian unions, aristocratic titles of the Lithuanian nobility and Ruthenian nobility (Polish: kniaź, Ruthenian: knyaz, Lithuanian: kunigaikštis) were preserved. The title książę was used to translate foreign titles of prince or duke. Polish magnates readily accepted the foreign ...
Polish heraldry is typical to the Polish nobility/ szlachta, which has its origins in Middle Ages knights/warriors clans that provided military support to the king, dukes or overlords. Exceptions apart, all Polish families belonging to the same noble rod/clan used/use the same coat of arms. The Polish original word herb makes reference to the ...
Polish Princes of the Holy Roman Empire (10 P) Princes of Poland (1 C, 3 P)
Polish princes (2 C, 10 P) Princes of Poland (3 P) Princesses of Poland (66 P) ... List of Polish noble families with the title of Marquess