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Biosensors based on type of biotransducers. A biotransducer is the recognition-transduction component of a biosensor system. It consists of two intimately coupled parts; a bio-recognition layer and a physicochemical transducer, which acting together converts a biochemical signal to an electronic or optical signal.
In medical applications biosensors are generally categorized as in vitro and in vivo systems. An in vitro, biosensor measurement takes place in a test tube, a culture dish, a microtiter plate or elsewhere outside a living organism. The sensor uses a bioreceptor and transducer as outlined above.
Bioinstrumentation or biomedical instrumentation is an application of biomedical engineering which ... Sensor/Transducer: ... principles as well as biology, ...
A molecular sensor or chemosensor is a ... acts as a signal transducer, ... by developing and studding fluorescent proteins for applications in biology, ...
Bio-FETs couple a transistor device with a bio-sensitive layer that can specifically detect bio-molecules such as nucleic acids and proteins. A Bio-FET system consists of a semiconducting field-effect transistor that acts as a transducer separated by an insulator layer (e.g. SiO 2) from the biological recognition element (e.g. receptors or probe molecules) which are selective to the target ...
Transducer: following recognition, the transducer is an element required to convert changes in the recognition element to a measurable signal. Based on the type of signal they produce, they are categorized into electrochemical, optical, and mechanical transducers.
Such applications of nanosensors help in a convenient, rapid, and ultrasensitive assessment of many types of environmental pollutants. [29] Chemical sensors are useful for analyzing odors from food samples and detecting atmospheric gases. [30] The "electronic nose" was developed in 1988 to determine the quality and freshness of food samples ...
Bioelectronics, specifically bio-molecular electronics, were described as 'the research and development of bio-inspired (i.e. self-assembly) inorganic and organic materials and of bio-inspired (i.e. massive parallelism) hardware architectures for the implementation of new information processing systems, sensors and actuators, and for molecular ...