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The United States Department of War, also called the War Department (and occasionally War Office in the early years), was the United States Cabinet department originally responsible for the operation and maintenance of the United States Army, also bearing responsibility for naval affairs until the establishment of the Navy Department in 1798, and for most land-based air forces until the ...
Manual for the Subsistence Department, United States Army, 1910: 1910: 216: subsistence 370: Manual for courts-martial, courts of inquiry, and retiring boards, and of other procedure under military law. Revised in the judge-advocate general's office, and published by authority of the secretary of war for use in the army of the United States ...
During the American Civil War, a department was a geographical command within the Union's military organization, usually reporting directly to the War Department.Many of the Union's departments were named after rivers or other bodies of water, such as the Department of the Potomac and the Department of the Tennessee.
The War Department had authorized a General Headquarters, United States Army (GHQ) in 1921, but it was not activated until July 26, 1940. Its purpose was to facilitate mobilization by overseeing the organization and training of the Army's field forces on the American mainland (Zone of Interior).
The Department of War was originally formed in 1789 as an Executive Department of the United States and was split by the National Security Act of 1947 into the Department of the Army and Department of the Air Force on September 18, 1947. By amendments to the National Security Act of 1947 in 1949, the department of the Army was transformed to ...
Its main responsibilities are to control the Armed Forces of the United States. It is headed by the Secretary of Defense. The department was established in 1947 and is divided into three major Departments—the Department of the Army, Navy and Air Force, as well as a number of other component organizations.
The Army Institute of Heraldry describes the War Office Seal as follows: . In the center is a Roman cuirass below a vertical unsheathed sword, point up, the pommel resting on the neck opening of the cuirass and a Phrygian cap supported on the sword point, all between on the left an espontoon and on the right a musket with fixed bayonet crossed in saltire behind the cuirass and passing under ...
On June 27, 1865, the War Department issued General Order No. 118, reorganizing the United States (including those states formerly making up the Confederacy) into five military divisions and 18 geographical departments. The Department of the Northwest ceased to exist and its districts were merged into the Department of the Missouri with Pope ...