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The Human Poverty Index (HPI) was an indication of the poverty of community in a country, developed by the United Nations to complement the Human Development Index (HDI) and was first reported as part of the Human Development Report in 1997.
The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was developed in 2010 by the Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and the United Nations Development Programme [4] and uses health, education and standard of living indicators to determine the incidence and intensity of poverty experienced by a population.
Definitions of the poverty line vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations. Even among rich nations, the standards differ greatly. Thus, the numbers are not comparable among countries. Even when nations do use the same method, some issues may remain. [10]
The poverty gap index denotes the extent to which individuals fall below the poverty line (poverty gap) as a proportion of the poverty line. By summing these poverty gaps we derive the minimum cost of eliminating poverty. [10] This method is only reasonable if the transfers could be made perfectly efficiently, which is unlikely. [14]
Poverty is a state or condition in which an individual lacks the financial resources and essentials for a basic standard of living. Poverty can have diverse environmental, legal, social, economic, and political causes and effects. [1]
The Fordham Francis Index is a broad measure of global poverty - it is based on a small number of indicators that are strongly correlated with many aspects of development and can therefore serve as a proxy for overall success in achieving the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. It is also an innovative measure of human well-being since it ...
The Engel coefficient is used for this purpose by The United Nations (UN), where a coefficient above 59% represents poverty, 50-59% represents a state where daily needs are barely met, 40-50% a moderately well-off standard of living, 30-40% a good standard of living and below 30% a wealthy life. [16] Inferring well-being from budget share for food.
The poverty threshold, poverty limit, poverty line, or breadline [1] is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country. [2] The poverty line is usually calculated by estimating the total cost of one year's worth of necessities for the average adult. [ 3 ]