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In fact, more often than not, women who have entered the paid workforce often face a "double shift" of work, the first paid work in the labor market and the second unpaid housework. [31] According to one global estimate, women spend 4.5 hours of unpaid work per day, twice as many hours as men do on average. [32]
Nor have men increased their share of unpaid work at the same rate that women have increased their share of paid work. [17] The Human Development Report of 2015 reports that, in 63 countries, 31 percent of women's time is spent doing unpaid work, as compared to men who dedicate only 10 percent of their time to unpaid work. [23]
Daily living is a lot of work—and the world relies on the unpaid labor of women to keep households functional. Women spend an average three to six hours per day on cooking, cleaning, watching ...
They argue that traditional analysis of economics often ignores the value of household unpaid work. Feminist economists have argued that unpaid domestic work is as valuable as paid work, so measures of economic success should include unpaid work. They have shown that women are disproportionately responsible for performing such care work. [57]
A new review details the toll unpaid work takes on women’s mental health. Authors stress the importance of policy changes to address this problem, including implementation of universal child ...
About half of working women reported feeling stressed “a lot of the day," compared to about 4 in 10 men, according to a Gallup report published this week. The report suggests that competing ...
Additionally, looking at 2019 data by the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, the average time women spent in unpaid work is 264 minutes per day compared to men who spent 136 minutes per day. [71] Although men spend more time in paid work, women still spend more time, in general, doing both paid and unpaid work.
The division between productive and unproductive labor is stressed by some Marxist feminists including Margaret Benston and Peggy Morton. [7] These theories specify that while productive labor results in goods or services that have monetary value in the capitalist system and are thus compensated by the producers in the form of a paid wage, reproductive labor is associated with the private ...