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Visual hallucinations are not restricted to the transitional states of awakening or falling asleep and are a hallmark of various neurological and psychiatric conditions. [3] They are documented in schizophrenia , toxic encephalopathies, migraines , substance withdrawal syndromes , focal central nervous system lesions, and psychotic mood ...
Peduncular hallucinosis (PH) is a rare neurological phenomenon that causes vivid visual hallucinations that typically occur in dark environments and last for several minutes. Unlike some other kinds of hallucinations, the hallucinations that patients with PH experience are very realistic, and often involve people and environments that are ...
When the eyes are closed, visual static may be related to the first level of visual hallucination. [citation needed] Eye pathologies or other neurological conditions can also be a cause of visual anomalies, including the appearance of visual static or other changes in perception.
Depending on the content, visual hallucinations can be classified as either simple or complex. [1] Simple visual hallucinations are commonly characterized by shapes, photopsias, and grid-like patterns. [6] Complex visual hallucinations consist of highly detailed representations of people and objects. [6]
Prosopometamorphopsia is considered a face hallucination and is included under the umbrella of complex visual hallucinations. [7] Unlike other forms of hallucinations such as peduncular hallucinosis or Charles Bonnet syndrome, prosopometamorphopsia does not predominate at a particular time of day; it is a constant experience. [7]
Scintillating scotoma is a common visual aura that was first described by 19th-century physician Hubert Airy (1838–1903). Originating from the brain, it may precede a migraine headache , but can also occur acephalgically (without headache), also known as visual migraine or migraine aura. [ 4 ]
A hallucination is a perception in the absence of an external stimulus that has the compelling sense of reality. [6] They are distinguishable from several related phenomena, such as dreaming (), which does not involve wakefulness; pseudohallucination, which does not mimic real perception, and is accurately perceived as unreal; illusion, which involves distorted or misinterpreted real ...
sensory deprivation (ophthalmopathic hallucinations) age-related macular degeneration; vertebrobasilar insufficiency; optic neuritis; visual snow syndrome; Vitreous shrinkage or liquefaction, which is the most common cause of photopsia, causes a pull in vitreoretinal attachments, irritating the retina and