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Treatment of any kind of complex visual hallucination requires an understanding of the different pathologies in order to correctly diagnose and treat. If a person is taking a pro-hallucinogenic medication, the first step is to stop taking it. Sometimes improvement will occur spontaneously and pharmacotherapy is not necessary.
A visual hallucination is a vivid visual experience occurring without corresponding external stimuli in an awake state. These experiences are involuntary and possess a degree of perceived reality sufficient to resemble authentic visual perception. [ 1 ]
Alcoholic hallucinosis develops about 12 to 24 hours after the heavy drinking stops suddenly, and can last for days. It involves auditory and visual hallucinations, most commonly accusatory or threatening voices. [4] The risk of developing alcoholic hallucinosis is increased by long-term heavy alcohol abuse and the use of other drugs. [5]
Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is a non-psychotic disorder in which a person experiences apparent lasting or persistent visual hallucinations or perceptual distortions after using drugs, [1] including but not limited to psychedelics, dissociatives, entactogens, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and SSRIs.
Depending on the content, visual hallucinations can be classified as either simple or complex. [1] Simple visual hallucinations are commonly characterized by shapes, photopsias, and grid-like patterns. [6] Complex visual hallucinations consist of highly detailed representations of people and objects. [6]
Prosopometamorphopsia is considered a face hallucination and is included under the umbrella of complex visual hallucinations. [7] Unlike other forms of hallucinations such as peduncular hallucinosis or Charles Bonnet syndrome, prosopometamorphopsia does not predominate at a particular time of day; it is a constant experience. [7]
Hallucination is defined as visual perception without external stimulation. It must be distinguished whether the individual is able to recognize that the perception is not real, also called pseudo-hallucination, or that the individual endorses it as real, also called delusion.
A hallucination is a perception in the absence of an external stimulus that has the compelling sense of reality. [6] They are distinguishable from several related phenomena, such as dreaming (), which does not involve wakefulness; pseudohallucination, which does not mimic real perception, and is accurately perceived as unreal; illusion, which involves distorted or misinterpreted real ...