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Consumer protection in California began with the passage of the Medical Practice Act of 1876. The Act was designed to regulate the State's medical professionals, who up to that point had operated virtually unchecked. However, an actual government agency with the legal authority to enforce the Act was not created until 1878.
The Business, Consumer Services and Housing Agency (BCSH) is the California government cabinet-level agency that assists and educates consumers regarding the licensing, regulation, and enforcement of professionals and businesses. [3]
The DRE was founded in 1917, when the California legislature enacted the nation’s first real estate law. In July 2013, the department briefly merged with the California Department of Consumer Affairs as the Bureau of Real Estate. In January 2018, through Senate Bill 172, it again became an independent department. [3]
The Department of Financial Protection and Innovation has a long history, dating back to the formation of California's first banking department. It became the DFPI in 2020 with the passage of the California Consumer Financial Protection Law (CCFPL). [2] Formation of State Banking Department (1909) and State Corporations Department (1913)
The California Consumers Legal Remedies Act ("CLRA") is the name for California Civil Code §§ 1750 et seq. [1] The CLRA declares unlawful several "methods of competition and unfair or deceptive acts or practices undertaken by any person in a transaction intended to result or which results in the sale or lease of goods or services to any consumer". [2]
The California Real Estate Act has two core components: licensing and enforcement. [1] [2] Both licensing and enforcement functions are required by the Appraisal Subcommittee (ASC), the federal government organization which oversees all state real estate appraiser licensing agencies. [2]
In California, one such statute is the Unfair Competition Law ("UCL"), Business and Professions Code §§ 17200 et seq. The UCL "borrows heavily from section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act " but has developed its own body of case law.
The California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) is a department within the California Business, Consumer Services and Housing Agency that develops housing policy and building codes (i.e. the California Building Standards Code), regulates manufactured homes and mobile home parks, and administers housing finance, economic development and community development programs.