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Air–fuel ratio (AFR) is the mass ratio of air to a solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel present in a combustion process. The combustion may take place in a controlled manner such as in an internal combustion engine or industrial furnace, or may result in an explosion (e.g., a dust explosion ).
Where %O 2 is the percent O 2 by volume, dry basis, %CO 2 is the percent CO 2 by volume, dry basis, and 20.9 is the percent O 2 by volume in ambient air. The Fuel factor can be corrected for the amount of CO, by adding the percent CO on a dry basis to the CO 2, and subtracting half of the percent CO from the O 2. [2]
The heart of the Mitsubishi's MVV system is the linear air–fuel ratio exhaust gas oxygen sensor. Compared with standard oxygen sensors, which essentially are on-off switches set to a single air/fuel ratio, the lean oxygen sensor is more of a measurement device covering the air/fuel ratio range from about 15:1 to 26:1. [19]
A mixture with a 14.7:1 air/fuel ratio is stoichiometric, that is when burned, 100% of the fuel and the oxygen are consumed. [citation needed] Mixtures with slightly less fuel, called lean burn are more efficient. The combustion is a reaction which uses the oxygen content of the air to combine with the fuel, which is a mixture of several ...
Assume a two-stream problem having one portion of the boundary the fuel stream with fuel mass fraction =, and another portion of the boundary the oxidizer stream with oxidizer mass fraction =,. For example, if the oxidizer stream is air and the fuel stream contains only the fuel, then Y O , O = 0.232 {\displaystyle Y_{O,O}=0.232} and Y F , F ...
With a fuel fraction of nearly 85%, the GlobalFlyer could carry 5 times its weight in fuel.. In aerospace engineering, an aircraft's fuel fraction, fuel weight fraction, [1] or a spacecraft's propellant fraction, is the weight of the fuel or propellant divided by the gross take-off weight of the craft (including propellant): [2]
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The following table takes values as an example for the specific fuel consumption of several types of engines. For specific engines values can and often do differ from the table values shown below. Energy efficiency is based on a lower heating value of 42.7 MJ/kg (84.3 g/(kW⋅h)) for diesel fuel and jet fuel, 43.9 MJ/kg (82 g/(kW⋅h)) for ...