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Developmental coordination disorder (DCD), also known as developmental motor coordination disorder, developmental dyspraxia, or simply dyspraxia (from Ancient Greek praxis 'activity'), is a neurodevelopmental disorder [1] characterized by impaired coordination of physical movements as a result of brain messages not being accurately transmitted to the body.
307.21 Provisional tic disorder; 307.22 Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder (specify motor or vocal) 307.23 Tourette's disorder; Developmental coordination disorder and stereotypic movement disorder are also classified as motor disorders. [4] [5]
The tenth revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) has four categories of developmental disorders: specific developmental disorders of speech and language, specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills, specific developmental disorder of motor function, and mixed specific developmental disorder.
The most narrow concept is used in the category "Specific Disorders of Psychological Development" in the ICD-10. [1] These disorders comprise developmental language disorder, learning disorders, developmental coordination disorders, and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). [2]
The motor disorders described in the DSM-5 are Developmental Coordination Disorder and Stereotypic Movement Disorder. Developmental Coordination Disorder is a disorder where one's acquisition and ability to perform motor skills is below the level that is normal for someone their age.
The concept of DAMP (deficits in attention, motor control, and perception) has been in clinical use in Scandinavia for about 20 years. DAMP is diagnosed on the basis of concomitant attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and developmental coordination disorder in children who do not have a severe learning disability or cerebral palsy.
This shows that there are problems within the fine motor skills of these individuals. People with developmental coordination disorder may be dysgraphic and motor-dysgraphia may serve as a marker of dyspraxia. [19] Motor-dysgraphics struggle with proper finger grip and writing is often slanted due to holding a pen or pencil incorrectly.
Developmental disability that affects all areas of a child's development is sometimes referred to as global developmental delay. [2] The most common developmental disabilities are: Motor disorders, and learning difficulties such as dyslexia, Tourette's syndrome, dyspraxia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, and nonverbal learning disorder.