Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
In neutral solution, permanganate slowly reduces to manganese dioxide (MnO 2). This is the material that stains one's skin when handling KMnO 4. KMnO 4 reduces in alkaline solution to give green K 2 MnO 4: [75] 4 KMnO 4 + 4 KOH → 4 K 2 MnO 4 + O 2 + 2 H 2 O. This reaction illustrates the relatively rare role of hydroxide as a reducing agent.
Alcohol oxidation is a collection of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry that convert alcohols to aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. The reaction mainly applies to primary and secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols form ketones, while primary alcohols form aldehydes or carboxylic acids. [1] A variety of oxidants can be used.
Dihydroxylation is the process by which an alkene is converted into a vicinal diol.Although there are many routes to accomplish this oxidation, the most common and direct processes use a high-oxidation-state transition metal (typically osmium or manganese).
A permanganate can oxidize an amine to a nitro compound, [7] [8] a secondary alcohol to a ketone, [9] a primary alcohol or aldehyde to a carboxylic acid, [10] [11] a terminal alkene to a carboxylic acid, [12] oxalic acid to carbon dioxide, [13] and an alkene to a diol. [14] This list is not exhaustive. In alkene oxidations one intermediate is a ...
This reaction illustrates the relatively rare role of hydroxide as a reducing agent. The concentration of K 2 MnO 4 in such solutions can be checked by measuring their absorbance at 610 nm. The one-electron reduction of permanganate to manganate can also be effected using iodide as the reducing agent: 2 KMnO 4 + 2 KI → 2 K 2 MnO 4 + I 2
Alkenes add to OsO 4 to give diolate species that hydrolyze to cis-diols. The net process is called dihydroxylation. The net process is called dihydroxylation. This proceeds via a [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between the OsO 4 and alkene to form an intermediate osmate ester that rapidly hydrolyses to yield the vicinal diol .
The white smoke-like vapor produced by the reaction is a mixture of carbon dioxide gas and water vapor. Since the reaction is highly exothermic, initial sparking occurs, followed by a lilac- or pink-colored flame. [9] When energy or heat is added to electrons, their energy level increases to an excited state.
PCC is used as an oxidant.In particular, it has proven to be highly effective in oxidizing primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, respectively.The reagent is more selective than the related Jones' Reagent, so there is little chance of over-oxidation to form carboxylic acids if acidified potassium permanganate is used as long as water is not present in the reaction mixture.