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Schilder disease or diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis: is a rare disease that presents clinically as a pseudotumoural demyelinating lesion; and is more common in children. [56] [57] Solitary sclerosis: This variant was proposed (2012) by Mayo Clinic researchers. [58] though it was also reported by other groups more or less at the same time.
This variant was first proposed (2012) by Mayo Clinic researches. [ 4 ] though it was also reported by other groups more or less at the same time. [ 49 ] [ 50 ] It is defined as isolated demyelinating lesions which produce a progressive myelopathy similar to primary progressive MS, [ 51 ] [ 52 ] [ 53 ] and is currently considered inside the ...
The first step in diagnosis is usually a neurological exam, including tests for reflexes, muscle strength, vision and eye movements, and balance and alertness. If the results are abnormal, additional tests carried out by a specialist such as a neurosurgeon or a neurologist may be recommended.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease resulting in damage to the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. [3] As a demyelinating disease, MS disrupts the nervous system's ability to transmit signals, resulting in a range of signs and symptoms, including physical, mental, and sometimes psychiatric problems.
The Poser criteria for diagnosis are: [7] One or two roughly symmetrical large plaques. Plaques are greater than 2 cm diameter. No other lesions are present and there are no abnormalities of the peripheral nervous system. Results of adrenal function studies and serum very long chain fatty acids are normal.
Hippocampal sclerosis is the most common brain abnormality in those with temporal lobe epilepsy. [16] Hippocampal sclerosis may occur in children under 2 years of age with 1 instance seen as early as 6 months. [17] About 70% of those evaluated for temporal lobe epilepsy surgery have hippocampal sclerosis.
Neurological disorders represent a complex array of medical conditions that fundamentally disrupt the functioning of the nervous system. These disorders affect the brain, spinal cord, and nerve networks, presenting unique diagnosis, treatment, and patient care challenges.
Others such as neurofibromatosis type 1 and 2 as well as tuberous sclerosis complex can potentially be mosaics but may not be. [71] Mosaicism may be suspected in cases with either a mild or incomplete presentation of a neurocutaneous disorder. A definitive diagnosis is most likely to be obtained if testing of affected tissues is possible. [72] [73]