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Chlorophyll b is made by the same enzyme acting on chlorophyllide b. The same is known for chlorophyll d and f, both made from corresponding chlorophyllides ultimately made from chlorophyllide a. [39] In Angiosperm plants, the later steps in the biosynthetic pathway are light-dependent. Such plants are pale if grown in darkness.
Photosynthetic reaction centre genes from PSII (PsbA, PsbD) have been discovered within marine bacteriophage. [12] [13] [14] Though it is widely accepted dogma that arbitrary pieces of DNA can be borne by phage between hosts (transduction), one would hardly expect to find transduced DNA within a large number of viruses. Transduction is presumed ...
All oxygenic photosynthetic organisms use chlorophyll a, but differ in accessory pigments like chlorophyll b. [5] Chlorophyll a can also be found in very small quantities in the green sulfur bacteria, an anaerobic photoautotroph. [7] These organisms use bacteriochlorophyll and some chlorophyll a but do not produce oxygen. [7]
In a study by Nagaski et al., virus particles were found inside the host cytoplasm at 24 hours post-infection. The latent period or lysogenic cycle was estimated to be 30–33 h with an average burst size (number of viruses produced after lysis) of 770 per cell. Virus particles were found in the subsurface area and in the viroplasm area [5]
Examples of class II viral fusion proteins include the dengue virus E protein, and the west nile virus E protein. [5] [6] Class III: Structural conformation is a combination of features from Class I and Class II viral membrane fusion proteins. An example of a Class III viral fusion protein is the rabies virus glycoprotein, G. [6]
Chlorophyll a, b, and d. Chlorophyll synthase [14] completes the biosynthesis of chlorophyll a by catalysing the reaction EC 2.5.1.62. chlorophyllide a + phytyl diphosphate chlorophyll a + diphosphate. This forms an ester of the carboxylic acid group in chlorophyllide a with the 20-carbon diterpene alcohol phytol.
Viruses were expected to be small, but the range of sizes came as a surprise. Some were only a little smaller than the smallest known bacteria, and the smaller viruses were of similar sizes to complex organic molecules. [14] In 1935, Wendell Stanley examined the tobacco mosaic virus and found it was mostly made of protein. [15]
Chlorophyll a is found in all chloroplasts, as well as their cyanobacterial ancestors. Chlorophyll a is a blue-green pigment [150] partially responsible for giving most cyanobacteria and chloroplasts their color. Other forms of chlorophyll exist, such as the accessory pigments chlorophyll b, chlorophyll c, chlorophyll d, [12] and chlorophyll f.