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In computer science, a tail call is a subroutine call performed as the final action of a procedure. [1] If the target of a tail is the same subroutine, the subroutine is said to be tail recursive, which is a special case of direct recursion. Tail recursion (or tail-end recursion) is particularly useful, and is often easy to optimize in ...
Use a minimum of two runtime assertions per function. Restrict the scope of data to the smallest possible. Check the return value of all non-void functions, or cast to void to indicate the return value is useless. Use the preprocessor sparingly. Limit pointer use to a single dereference, and do not use function pointers.
Spaghetti code can also describe an anti-pattern in which object-oriented code is written in a procedural style, such as by creating classes whose methods are overly long and messy, or forsaking object-oriented concepts like polymorphism. [5] The presence of this form of spaghetti code can significantly reduce the comprehensibility of a system. [6]
A similar idea can be used when the function must run in a different thread or on a different processor. The framework can execute the called function in a worker thread, then call the continuation function in the original thread with the worker's results. This is in Java 8 using the Swing UI framework:
push 1L (the number one with type long) onto the stack ldc 12 0001 0010 1: index → value push a constant #index from a constant pool (String, int, float, Class, java.lang.invoke.MethodType, java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle, or a dynamically-computed constant) onto the stack ldc_w 13 0001 0011 2: indexbyte1, indexbyte2 → value
In calculus, an example of a higher-order function is the differential operator /, which returns the derivative of a function . Higher-order functions are closely related to first-class functions in that higher-order functions and first-class functions both allow functions as arguments and results of other functions.
Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...
For example, one could create a function that creates an infinite list (often called a stream) of Fibonacci numbers. The calculation of the n -th Fibonacci number would be merely the extraction of that element from the infinite list, forcing the evaluation of only the first n members of the list.