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In economics and business decision-making, a sunk cost (also known as retrospective cost) is a cost that has already been incurred and cannot be recovered. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Sunk costs are contrasted with prospective costs , which are future costs that may be avoided if action is taken. [ 3 ]
A costly signal in which the cost of an action is incurred upfront ("ex ante") is a sunk cost. An example of this would be the mobilization of an army as this sends a clear signal of intentions and the costs are incurred immediately. When the cost of the action is incurred after the decision is made ("ex post") it is considered to be tying hands.
It is often important for businesses to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant costs when analyzing alternatives because erroneously considering irrelevant costs can lead to unsound business decisions. [1] Also, ignoring irrelevant data in analysis can save time and effort. Types of irrelevant costs are: [3] Sunk costs [4] Committed costs
Alamy There are some economic terms most of us know and understand, such as supply and demand. And there are other terms we will probably never even run across, like implicit logrolling and a ...
No sunk costs; The same level of technology is available to incumbent businesses and new entrants. A perfectly contestable market is not possible in real life. Instead, the degree of contestability can be observed within markets. [example needed] The more contestable a market is, the closer it will be to a perfectly contestable market.
Examples: One of you keeps planning unique date nights or suggesting couples therapy or spicing up your (nonexistent) sex life or—you get it. You keep trying because you’ve already tried so hard.
The fixed cost refers to the cost that is incurred regardless of how much the firm produces. The variable cost is a function of the quantity of an object being produced. The cost function can be used to characterize production through the duality theory in economics, developed mainly by Ronald Shephard (1953, 1970) and other scholars (Sickles ...
The sunk-cost fallacy shows up when people make the following kind of argument. “Since we’ve already got those useless bridges, we must continue. Otherwise, they will remain useless.”