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In multivariable calculus, an initial value problem [a] (IVP) is an ordinary differential equation together with an initial condition which specifies the value of the unknown function at a given point in the domain. Modeling a system in physics or other sciences frequently amounts to solving an initial value problem.
In numerical analysis, the shooting method is a method for solving a boundary value problem by reducing it to an initial value problem.It involves finding solutions to the initial value problem for different initial conditions until one finds the solution that also satisfies the boundary conditions of the boundary value problem.
Thus, solutions of the boundary value problem correspond to solutions of the following system of N equations: (;,) = (;,) = (;,) =. The central N−2 equations are the matching conditions, and the first and last equations are the conditions y(t a) = y a and y(t b) = y b from the boundary value problem. The multiple shooting method solves the ...
It is named after Karl Heun and is a numerical procedure for solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with a given initial value. Both variants can be seen as extensions of the Euler method into two-stage second-order Runge–Kutta methods. The procedure for calculating the numerical solution to the initial value problem:
A singular solution y s (x) of an ordinary differential equation is a solution that is singular or one for which the initial value problem (also called the Cauchy problem by some authors) fails to have a unique solution at some point on the solution. The set on which a solution is singular may be as small as a single point or as large as the ...
For such problems, to achieve given accuracy, it takes much less computational time to use an implicit method with larger time steps, even taking into account that one needs to solve an equation of the form (1) at each time step. That said, whether one should use an explicit or implicit method depends upon the problem to be solved.
Consider the problem of calculating the shape of an unknown curve which starts at a given point and satisfies a given differential equation. Here, a differential equation can be thought of as a formula by which the slope of the tangent line to the curve can be computed at any point on the curve, once the position of that point has been calculated.
For instance, the differential equation dy / dt = y 2 with initial condition y(0) = 1 has the solution y(t) = 1/(1-t), which is not defined at t = 1. Nevertheless, if f is a differentiable function defined over a compact subset of R n , then the initial value problem has a unique solution defined over the entire R . [ 6 ]
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