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Noise figure (NF) and noise factor (F) are figures of merit that indicate degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that is caused by components in a signal chain.These figures of merit are used to evaluate the performance of an amplifier or a radio receiver, with lower values indicating better performance.
The Y-factor method is a common measurement technique for this purpose. [1] By using a noise diode, the output noise of an amplifier is measured using two input noise levels, and by measuring the output noise factor (referred to as Y) the noise figure of the amplifier can be determined without having to measure the amplifier gain.
The noise factor (a linear term) is more often expressed as the noise figure (in decibels) using the conversion: = The noise figure can also be seen as the decrease in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) caused by passing a signal through a system if the original signal had a noise temperature of 290 K. This is a common way of expressing the noise ...
Noise figure (NF) is noise factor (F) expressed in decibels. F is the ratio of the input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR i) to the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR o). F quantifies how much the signal degrades with respect to the noise because of the presence of a noisy network.
Friis formula or Friis's formula (sometimes Friis' formula), named after Danish-American electrical engineer Harald T. Friis, is either of two formulas used in telecommunications engineering to calculate the signal-to-noise ratio of a multistage amplifier. One relates to noise factor while the other relates to noise temperature.
The attenuation in the signal of ground motion intensity plays an important role in the assessment of possible strong groundshaking. A seismic wave loses energy as it propagates through the earth (seismic attenuation). This phenomenon is tied into the dispersion of the seismic energy with the distance. There are two types of dissipated energy:
Signal to noise ratio may be abbreviated as SNR and less commonly as S/N. PSNR stands for peak signal-to-noise ratio. GSNR stands for geometric signal-to-noise ratio. [13] SINR is the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio.
An attenuator is a passive broadband electronic device that reduces the power of a signal without appreciably distorting its waveform. An attenuator is effectively the opposite of an amplifier, though the two work by different methods. While an amplifier provides gain, an attenuator provides loss, or gain less than unity. An attenuator is often ...