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Antigen processing, or the cytosolic pathway, is an immunological process that prepares antigens for presentation to special cells of the immune system called T lymphocytes. It is considered to be a stage of antigen presentation pathways.
Efficient presentation of antigenic peptides by MHC class I molecules provides the key signal for adaptive immune responses by cytotoxic (CD8 +) T lymphocytes.In the "endogenous" antigen presentation pathway, proteins synthesized by cells undergo cytosolic degradation and some of their peptide fragments are transported to the ER, where suitable-length peptides are loaded onto MHC class I ...
clonal selection by antigen affinity, thymic education of T cells, antigen processing and presentation (both the cytosolic and endocytic pathways are implemented, cell-cell cooperation, homeostasis of cells created by the bone marrow, hypermutation of antibodies, maturation of the cellular and humoral response and memory.
The action of cross priming can bolster immunity against antigens that target intracellular peripheral tissues that are unable to be mediated by antibodies produced through B cells. [17] Also, cross-priming avoids viral immune evasion strategies, such as suppression of antigen processing. Consequently, immune responses against viruses that are ...
The peptide translocation from the cytosol into the lumen of the ER is accomplished by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). TAP is a member of the ABC transporter family and is a heterodimeric multimembrane-spanning polypeptide consisting of TAP1 and TAP2. The two subunits form a peptide binding site and two ATP binding ...
The individual peptides are then complexed with major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) molecules located in the lysosome – this method of "handling" the antigen is known as the exogenous or endocytic pathway of antigen processing in contrast to the endogenous or cytosolic pathway, [17] [18] [19] which complexes the abnormal ...
Antigen presentation is a vital immune process that is essential for T cell immune response triggering. Because T cells recognize only fragmented antigens displayed on cell surfaces, antigen processing must occur before the antigen fragment can be recognized by a T-cell receptor.
Most cells in the body express MHC class I molecules, which are responsible for processing intracellular antigens and presenting at the cell's surface. If the peptides being presented by MHC class I molecules are foreign—for example, derived from viral proteins instead of the cell's own proteins—the CTL with a receptor that matches the ...