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In mathematics, especially abstract algebra, loop theory and quasigroup theory are active research areas with many open problems. As in other areas of mathematics, such problems are often made public at professional conferences and meetings.
In mathematics, this is insufficient, and the full affine Lie algebra is the vector space [2] ^ = ^ where is the derivation defined above. On this space, the Killing form can be extended to a non-degenerate form, and so allows a root system analysis of the affine Lie algebra.
A quasigroup with an idempotent element is called a pique ("pointed idempotent quasigroup"); this is a weaker notion than a loop but common nonetheless because, for example, given an abelian group, (A, +), taking its subtraction operation as quasigroup multiplication yields a pique (A, −) with the group identity (zero) turned into a "pointed ...
In its most general form a loop group is a group of continuous mappings from a manifold M to a topological group G.. More specifically, [1] let M = S 1, the circle in the complex plane, and let LG denote the space of continuous maps S 1 → G, i.e.
Starting with a polynomial loop algebra over finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra and performing two extensions, a central extension and an extension by a derivation, one obtains a Lie algebra which is isomorphic with an untwisted affine Kac–Moody algebra. Using the centrally extended loop algebra one may construct a current algebra in two ...
If G is compact and connected, and T is a maximal torus, then the Weyl group of G is isomorphic to the Weyl group of its Lie algebra, as discussed above. For example, for the general linear group GL, a maximal torus is the subgroup D of invertible diagonal matrices, whose normalizer is the generalized permutation matrices (matrices in the form ...
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Two loops a, b in a torus.. In mathematics, a loop in a topological space X is a continuous function f from the unit interval I = [0,1] to X such that f(0) = f(1). In other words, it is a path whose initial point is equal to its terminal point.
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