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A bone scan or bone scintigraphy / s ɪ n ˈ t ɪ ɡ r ə f i / is a nuclear medicine imaging technique used to help diagnose and assess different bone diseases. These include cancer of the bone or metastasis, location of bone inflammation and fractures (that may not be visible in traditional X-ray images), and bone infection (osteomyelitis). [1]
A renogram, which may also be known as a MAG3 scan, allows a nuclear medicine physician or a radiologist to visualize the kidneys and learn more about how they are functioning. [1] MAG3 is an acronym for mercapto acetyl tri glycine , a compound that is chelated with a radioactive element – technetium-99m .
The technetium-99m radioisotope is used predominantly in bone and brain scans. For bone scans , the pertechnetate ion is used directly, as it is taken up by osteoblasts attempting to heal a skeletal injury, or (in some cases) as a reaction of these cells to a tumor (either primary or metastatic) in the bone.
Technetium (99m Tc) sestamibi is a lipophilic cation which, when injected intravenously into a patient, distributes in the myocardium proportionally to the myocardial blood flow. Single photon emission computed tomography imaging of the heart is performed using a gamma camera to detect the gamma rays emitted by the technetium-99m as it decays.
Technetium (99m Tc) exametazime is a radiopharmaceutical sold under the trade name Ceretec, and is used by nuclear medicine physicians for the detection of altered regional cerebral perfusion in stroke [1] and other cerebrovascular diseases.
Technetium (99m Tc) medronic acid is a pharmaceutical product used in nuclear medicine to localize bone metastases [1] as well as other diseases that can alter the natural turn-over in the bone by bone scintigraphy.
Generally a triple phase technetium 99 based scan will show increased uptake on all three phases. Gallium scans are 100% sensitive for osteomyelitis but not specific, and may be helpful in patients with metallic prostheses. Combined WBC imaging with marrow studies has 90% accuracy in diagnosing osteomyelitis.
Its complex with radioactive technetium, 99m Tc medronic acid, is used in nuclear medicine to detect bone abnormalities, including metastases. References [ edit ]