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Iraq is a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic.It is a multi-party system whereby the executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers as the head of government, the President of Iraq as the head of state, and legislative power is vested in the Council of Representatives.
The Coalition Provisional Authority (Arabic: سلطة الائتلاف المؤقتة, romanized: Sultat Alaitilaf Almuaqata; Kurdish: دەسەڵاتی کاتی هاوپەیمانی, romanized: Desteya Demkî ya Hevbendiyê, abbr. CPA) was a transitional government of Iraq established following the invasion of the country on 19 March 2003 by U.S.-led Coalition forces.
The Iraq Liberation Act of 1998 is a United States Congressional statement of policy stating that "It should be the policy of the United States to support efforts to remove the regime headed by Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq."
Basic government services such as the civil service and military continued functioning, but the national political system was in deadlock including in respect of almost all major spending and taxation issues. [6] On 27 October 2022, the government of Prime Minister Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani was approved by the Council of Representatives. [1] [2]
The government of Iraq is defined under the current Constitution, approved in 2005, as an Islamic, [1] democratic, parliamentary republic. [2] The government is composed of the executive , legislative , and judicial branches, as well as numerous independent commissions.
Democracy in Iraq is a fledgling process, but Iraq achieved a more democratic approach than most surrounding countries. [1] [2] Iraq has a score of 3.51 of ten on the 2021 The Economist Democracy Index, which is considered authoritarian. Iraq scored 0.362 on the V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index in 2023, ranking 3rd in the Middle East and 115th ...
The people of Iraq, striving to reclaim their freedom, which was usurped by the previous tyrannical regime, rejecting violence and coercion in all their forms, and particularly when used as instruments of governance, have determined that they shall hereafter remain a free people governed under the rule of law. And contains further,
Between 1979 and the fall of the Ba'athist regime in 2003, Iraq was under the rule of Saddam Hussein, so it is referred to as the Saddam regime. The Ba'ath Party, led by Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr , came to power in Iraq through the bloodless 17 July 1968 Revolution , which overthrew president Abdul Rahman Arif and prime minister Tahir Yahya . [ 22 ]