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Badges and ampullae were worn while travelling and allowed others to identify the wearer as a pilgrim and the saint they were visiting. They showed the wearer's special relationship with the saint and could be called upon in times of crisis. [2] Badges were an artistically legible and affordable accessory for the ordinary medieval pilgrim to wear.
The government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam maintains that between 2 September 1945 and 2 July 1976 only the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the Republic of South Vietnam were legitimate governments and that any rival governments were illegal ("reactionary" or "counter-revolutionary") organisations. This template excludes:
[1] [2] The Vietnam People's Army distinguishes three career paths: Officers (sĩ quan), Professional serviceman (Quân nhân Chuyên nghiệp), non-commissioned officers (hạ sĩ quan), and enlisted personnel (chiến sĩ).
Rank group Student officer Army of the Republic of Vietnam (1955-1963) [1] Army of the Republic of Vietnam (1964-1975) [2] Republic of Vietnam Navy (1955-1963) [1] Republic of Vietnam Navy
In 1857 Smith and Eaton began to manufacture counterfeit artefacts. During their career, they are estimated to have made between 5,000 and 10,000 items. These displayed a variety of designs, including pilgrim badges, ampullae, statuettes, portable shrines, coins, medallions and ornamental spearheads. Initially these were made from lead or ...
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Usually medieval Christian pilgrim badges were metal pin badges - most famously the shell symbol showing the wearer had been to the shrine of St. James at Santiago de Compostela in Spain. These were stuck in hats or into clothing and hardworking pilgrims could assemble quite a collection, as mentioned by Chaucer in his ' Canterbury Tales '.
Fragment of cast-lead pilgrims' badge (showing front and back) depicting the Boxley Abbey rood. The Rood of Grace was a crucifix kept at Boxley Abbey in Kent in southeast England.