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Titration indicator table [11] Indicator name Indicator colour Transition interval (pH range) Color after high pH conditions Methyl Orange Orange/red 3.1 - 4.4 Yellow Methyl Red Red 4.4 - 6.3 Yellow Congo Red Blue 3.0 - 5.2 Red Phenolphthalein Colourless 8.3 - 10.0 Pink Thymolphthalein Colourless 9.3 - 10.5 Blue Bromophenol Blue Yellow 3.0 - 4.6
In and of themselves, pH indicators are usually weak acids or weak bases. The general reaction scheme of acidic pH indicators in aqueous solutions can be formulated as: HInd (aq) + H 2 O (l) ⇌ H 3 O + (aq) + Ind − (aq) where, "HInd" is the acidic form and "Ind −" is the conjugate base of the indicator. Vice versa for basic pH indicators ...
Titrations between a weak acid and a weak base have titration curves which are very irregular. Because of this, no definite indicator may be appropriate and a pH meter is often used to monitor the reaction. [24] The type of function that can be used to describe the curve is termed a sigmoid function.
A complexometric indicator is an ionochromic dye that undergoes a definite color change in presence of specific metal ions. [1] It forms a weak complex with the ions present in the solution, which has a significantly different color from the form existing outside the complex. Complexometric indicators are also known as pM indicators. [2]
Complexometric indicator, a chemical detector for metal ions in complexometric titrations. Humidity indicator card, a card impregnated with chemicals that change colour when a particular humidity is exceeded. pH indicator, a chemical detector for protons in acid-base titrations. Redox indicator, a chemical detector for redox titrations.
Complexometric titrations are particularly useful for the determination of a mixture of different metal ions in solution. An indicator capable of producing an unambiguous color change is usually used to detect the end-point of the titration. Complexometric titrations are those reactions where a simple ion is transformed into a complex ion and ...
Phenolphthalein is often used as an indicator in acid–base titrations. For this application, it turns colorless in acidic solutions and pink in basic solutions. It belongs to the class of dyes known as phthalein dyes. Phenolphthalein is slightly soluble in water and usually is dissolved in alcohols in experiments.
A redox titration [1] is a type of titration based on a redox reaction between the analyte and titrant. It may involve the use of a redox indicator and/or a potentiometer. A common example of a redox titration is the treatment of a solution of iodine with a reducing agent to produce iodide using a starch indicator to help detect the endpoint.