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A transform fault or transform boundary, is a fault along a plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal. [1] It ends abruptly where it connects to another plate boundary, either another transform, a spreading ridge, or a subduction zone. [2] A transform fault is a special case of a strike-slip fault that also forms a plate boundary.
The Motagua Fault, which crosses through Guatemala, is a transform boundary between the southern edge of the North American plate and the northern edge of the Caribbean plate. New Zealand's Alpine Fault is another active transform boundary. The Dead Sea Transform (DST) fault which runs through the Jordan River Valley in the Middle East.
Glen – Name for valley commonly used in Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man; Gully – Landform created by running water and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil; Hill – Landform that extends above the surrounding terrain; Hillock, also known as Knoll – Small hill
The first discovered mid-ocean ridge was the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which is a spreading center that bisects the North and South Atlantic basins; hence the origin of the name 'mid-ocean ridge'. Most oceanic spreading centers are not in the middle of their hosting ocean basis but regardless, are traditionally called mid-ocean ridges.
Relationship of the Chile Ridge (Chile Rise) and other plate boundaries (CTJ=Chile triple junction; Yellow arrows show direction of relative motion of plates) The Chile Ridge , also known as the Chile Rise , is a submarine oceanic ridge formed by the divergent plate boundary between the Nazca plate and the Antarctic plate .
Fig 1. This figure shows the locations of the major deformation zones in Iceland and the vectors of the North American Plate movement relative to the Eurasian Plate. Legend: RR, Reykjanes Ridge; RVB, Reykjanes volcanic belt; WVZ, West volcanic zone; MIB, Mid-Iceland belt; SISZ, South Iceland seismic zone; EVZ, East volcanic zone; ; SIVZ, South Iceland volcanic zone; NVZ, North volcanic zone ...
Diagram of horsts and grabens In geology , horst and graben (or range and valley ) refers to topography consisting of alternating raised and lowered fault blocks known as horsts and grabens . The features are created by normal faulting and rifting caused by crustal extension . [ 1 ]
There are two types of continental margins: active and passive margins. [1]Active margins are typically associated with lithospheric plate boundaries. These active margins can be convergent or transform margins, and are also places of high tectonic activity, including volcanoes and earthquakes.