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Many river systems are shaped by human activity and through anthropogenic forces. [1] The process of human influence on nature, including rivers, is stated with the beginning of the Anthropocene, which has replaced the Holocene.
River engineering is a discipline of civil engineering which studies human intervention in the course, characteristics, or flow of a river with the intention of producing some defined benefit. People have intervened in the natural course and behaviour of rivers since before recorded history—to manage the water resources , to protect against ...
The Human Footprint is an ecological footprint map of human influence on the terrestrial systems of the Earth.It was first published in a 2002 article by Eric W. Sanderson, Malanding Jaiteh, Marc A. Levy, Kent H. Redford, Antoinette V. Wannebo, and Gillian Woolmer. [1]
Anthropogenic influences on river systems. Examples are mainly from settings with a modest technological influence, especially in the period of about 10,000 to 4000 cal yr BP. Examples are mainly from settings with a modest technological influence, especially in the period of about 10,000 to 4000 cal yr BP.
The amount of light that a system receives can be related to a combination of internal and external stream variables. The area surrounding a small stream, for example, might be shaded by surrounding forests or by valley walls. Larger river systems tend to be wide so the influence of external variables is minimized, and the sun reaches the surface.
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Changes in the steepness of the stream gradient, the amount of sediment contained in the river, and the total amount of water flowing through the system, all influence how a river behaves. There is a delicate equilibrium that controls a river system, which, when disturbed, causes flooding and incising events to occur and produce terracing. [3] [4]
Anthropogenic fire is a mechanism of human-mediated disturbance, defined within historical ecology as a means of altering the landscape in a way that better suits human needs. [3] The most common form of anthropogenic fire is controlled burns, or broadcast burning, which people have employed for thousands of years.